Question Tag

QUESTION TAG

1. We must study hard, musn't we?
2. Maya studied hard, didn't she?
3. Andy isn't happy, is he?
4. They sing Indonesia Raya, don't they?
5. Santa clause won't come to Japan, will he?
6. Jenny seldom drinks sake, does she?

Ket :

* Lihat kata kerjanya

* Lihat apakah dia mempunyai to be, Ex: is, must,etc...

* Juga sebaliknya jika (+) menjadi (-)

Question tags after affirmative sentences

Example : * Your father is a doctor, isn't he?

                  * The Lewises have gone an holiday, haven't they?

                  * Ani will be pleased to see us, won't she?

                  * Peter would like to be a doctor, wouldn't he?

                  * Rita can speak seven languages, can't she?

                  * There are tigers in Siboria, aren't they?

                  * I'm late, aren't I?

                  * You drink coffe, don't you?

                  * She arrived late, didn't she?

Question tags after negative sentences

Example : * She isn't happy, is she?

                  * You haven't seen my brother, have you?

                  * The film wasn't much good, was it?

                  * You can't swim, can you?

                  * Ann wouldn't like to help us, would she?

                  * Cats don't eat cornflakes, do they?

                  * The postman didn't come, did he?

                  * There isn't any milk, is there?

TIME ( Cara menyebutkan waktu dengan tepat dalam bahasa Inggris )

  TIME

1. Jarum panjang menunjukan tepat pukul 12 - o'clock.

     Ex: 06.00 = That is six o'clock.

2. Jarum panjang menunjukan tepat 30 menit - half past.

   ( 30 menit lewat ).

     Ex: 07.30 = It's seven thirty / It's half past seven.

3. Jarum panjang menunjukan tepat 15 menit - a quarter past / a quater after.

   ( 15 menit lewat ).

     Ex: 05.15 =  - It's five fifteen.

                          - It's a quarter past five.

                          - It's a quarter after five.

4. Jarum panjang menunjukan tepat 45 menit - a quarter to / a quarter of.

   ( 15 menit menuju... ) Ingat untuk menambahkan 1 jam.

     Ex: 08.45 =  - It's eight forty five

                          - It's a quarter to nine.

                          - It's a quarter of nine.

5. Jarum panjang menunjukan kurang dari 30 menit - past / after.

     Ex: 01.20 =  - It's one twenty

                          - It's twenty minutes past one.

                          - It's twenty after one.

6. Jarum panjang menunjukkan lebih dari 30 menit -to / of, dengan menambahkan 1 jam dan             menggunakan 60 menit untuk mengurangi banyak menit yang disebut soal.

     Ex: 07.40 =  - It's seven forty.

                          - It's twenty minutes to eight.

                          - It's twenty minutes of eight.

  

PASSIVE VOICE

    Passive Voice

# Present Tense

          Active = Subject  +  Vi ( s/es )  +  Object

                         Ex: She buys a book.

          Passive =  S(O) + is/am/are + V3 + by + O(S)

                           Ex: A book is bought by her.

# Past Tense

          Active =  Subject + V2 + Object

                          Ex: Billy gave the eraser to buddy.

          Passive =  S(O) + was/were + V3 + by + O(S).

                           Ex: The eraser were given by billy to buddy.

Say, Tell and Yet

Say, Tell and Yet

* Say     -     No Object.

* Tell     -     Must Have Object.

* Yet      -     For Negative(-) and Interogatif(?).

So and Neither (The Difference)

So and Neither

* So

          For possitive sentences.

     Ex: - I have a novel. So have I

* Neither

          For negative sentences.

     Ex: - I didn't come yesterday, Neither did I.

AUXILIARIES

AUXILIARIES

( Helping Verbs )

* To Be        =       is, am, are - Present.

                              was, were - Past.

                              be - inf.

                              being - Pres_Past

                              been - Past_Part (V3)

* To Do         =     do, does, done.

* To Have     =     have, has, had.

* Modals       =     can-could

                              may-might

                              shall-should

                              will-would

                              must

While, During, For (The Difference)

 The Difference

( While, During, For. )

* While 

          is a conjuction, and is followed by a clauses

     Ex: - While I was getting ready, I listened to the radio.

           - I met my wife while I was at University.

* During

          is a preposition, and is followed by a noun. It tells us when something happened. It means at               some point in a period of time.

     Ex: - We had to call a doctor during the night.

            - Can I speak to you during the break?

* For

          is a preposition, and is followed by a noun. It tells us how long something lasts.

     Ex: - We talked for five minutes.

            - We're going on holidays for six weeks.

PREPOSITIONS in, at, on for place

PREPOSITIONS

( In, At, On For Place)

* In

          is used to express a position inside a place.

      Ex : - He works in an office in London.

              - He lives in the south of England.

              - He eats in Restaurants.

              - He potters in the garden.

              - When we were in France, we spent a few day in Paris.

* At

          is used to express a location at a point.

     Ex : - Lia's at home.

             - I'll see you at the cinema at 8.00.

             - I've left my case at the office.

* On

          is used to talk about position on a surface.

     Ex : - We drive on the left.

             - Don't sit on the floor.

             - You dinner's on the table.

             - This exercise is on page.

PREPOSITION in, at, on for time

PREPOSITION

( IN, AT, ON FOR TIME )

* In

          We use in for longer periods such as months, years, and seasons.

     Ex: - in April

            - in summer

            - in 1997

            - in the nineteenth century

            - in the morning / evening

* At

          We use at for times and certain expressions.

     Ex: - at 08.00

            - at lunchtime

            - at christmas

            - at the moment

            - at midnight

            - at the weekend

            - at the same time

            - at the age of a

* On

          We use on for days and dates.

     Ex: - on friday

            - on 12 september

            - on friday morning

            - on saturday evening

# There is no preposition before last, next, or this.

    Ex: - What did you do last night?

           - I'll see you next week.

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS

(1) Some adverbs of one or two syllables

     early                    earlier                         earliest

     late                      later                            latest

     fast                       faster                          fastest

(2) Some adverbs of more than two syllables

     dearly                 more dearly                  most dearly

     proudly               more proudly               most proudly

     happily                more happily               most happily

     easily                   more easily                 most easily

     quickly                more quickly               most quickly

     beautifully           more beautififully       most beautifully

     usefully               more usefully               most usefully

     difficultly            more difficultly            most difficultly

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

(1) Some adjectives of one or two syllables.

     tall                    taller                     tallest

     short                 shorter                  shortest

     fat                     fatter                     fattest

     big                    bigger                   biggest  

     happy               happier                  happiest

     pretty                prettier                  prettiest

     early                 earlier                    earliest

     lazy                  lazier                      laziest


(2) Some adjectives of more than two syllables
     useful               more useful              most useful
     difficult            more difficult           most difficult
     beautiful           more beautiful         most beautiful
     careful              more careful             most careful
     important          more important        most important

Article a and an

ARTICLE ( a and an ).


* a - Sound consonant (huruf mati). Ex: b,c,d,f,g,h,j....
     Ex: - a camel
            - a dog
            - a puppy
            - a university

* an - Sound vowel (huruf hidup). Ex: a,i,u,e,o.
      Ex: - an  umbrella
             - an egg
             - an orange
             - an hour
             - an honest boy 

QUESTION WORDS

QUESTION WORDS

* What (Apa)

         Untuk menanyakan keadaan / benda.

     Ex: - What is she doing? She is studying English.

            - What did you buy? I bought some candies.

* Why (Mengapa)

          Untuk menanyakan sebab akibat.

     Ex: - Why did Lia cry? Because she fell from the chair.

* Who (Siapa)

          Untuk menanyakan orang (persons).

     Ex: - Who is absent? Danny.

* When (Kapan)

          Untuk menanyakan waktu.

     Ex: - When will you leave? Next week.

* Where (Dimana / Kemana)

          Untuk menanyakan tempat.

     Ex: - Where were you last night? at the cinema.

* Which (Siapa / Yang)

          Untuk menanyakan benda atau binatang (things or animals).

     Ex: - Do you see the key which I put here yesterday?

* How (Bagaimana)

          Untuk menanyakan kabar, cara, jumlah.

     Ex: - How are you? I'm fine thanks.

            - How much money do you have? Rp.5000.

            - How do you go to school? by bus. 

Penggunaan Kata As...as and So...as dalam kalimat

 As...as and So...as

* As...as (sama...seperti)

          Digunakan untuk kalimat positif (+) dan kalimat tanya / interogatif (?).

          Ex : - She is as fat as my brother.

                  - Is he as clever as my brother.

* So...as (sama...seperti)

          Digunakan untuk kalimat negatif (-) seperti : " no, not, none, never, seldom. "

          Ex: - He is not so short as my brother.

So...that OR Too...to (The Difference)

So...that OR Too...to 

* So...that (sangat...sehingga)

          Digunakan sebelum subjek / before subject.

          Ex:   - Sony is so lazy that he never take a bath.

                  - That river is so deep that we can't swim in it.

* Too...to (terlalu...untuk)

          Digunakan sebelum kata kerja / before verb.

          Ex:  - Rina is too careful to make a mistake.

                  - Jery is too naughty to be the best students.

Each Other and One Another (The Difference)

Each Other and One Another

* Each Other

          is used if there are 2 nouns.

          Ex:  - Ricky and Rini always help each other.

                  - My parents love each other.

* One Another

          is used if there are more than 2 nouns.

          Ex: - The pupils will remind one another of the test.

                 - Are the pupils helping one another?

Between and Among (The Difference)

Between and Among

* Between

          is used if there are 2 nouns.

          Ex: Sinta sits between Mickey and Minnie.

* Among

          is used if there are more than 2 nouns.

          Ex: Who is among the pupils?

Perbedaan kata Since dan For

Since and For

* Since (Sejak)

          Digunakan kalau bertemu dengan kata : " last, ago, o'clock, yesterday, year, month, day. "

          Ex:  - I have studied English since 1996.

                  - Jimmy has swum since 10 o'clock. 

* For (Selama)

          Digunakan kalau tidak ada kata-kata diatas. ( last, ago, o'clock, yesterday, year, month, day.)

          Ex:  - We have studied English for ten minutes.

                  - I haven't met him for three months. 

Perbedaan kata Too dan Very (Sangat)

Too and Very

( Sangat )

* Too

          Digunakan untuk kalimat negatif (-).

          Ex: Victor is too talkative, He can't stop talking in class.

* Very

          Digunakan untuk kalimat positif (+).

          Ex: Eric is very funky, his hair cut is the same as Riko.

Penggunaan kata Few dan Little

Few & Little

* Few

          Dipakai bersama kata benda jamak yang dapat dihitung (-s) / countable nouns.

          Ex: Few cars, Few animals.

* Little

          Dipakai bersama kata benda yang tidak dapat yang tidak dapat dihitung / uncountable nouns.

          Ex: Little ink, Little time.

Pengunaan Kata A Lot of, Much, dan Many

A Lot Of, Much, Many.

* A Lot Of 

          Kalimat Positif (+)

          Ex: They have a lot of books.

* Much

          Uncountable / tidak bisa dihitung (tunggal).

          Ex: Much milk, Much sugar.

* Many

          Countable / bisa dihitung (jamak), diakhiri S.

          Ex: Many books, Many cars.

Penggunaan Kata Some dan Any

SOME & ANY

* Some

          Digunakan pada Kalimat Positif (+).

          Ex:  - He has some pizza.

                  - I bring some cake. 

* Any

          Digunakan pada Kalimat Negatif (-) dan Kalimat Interogatif (?).

          Ex:  - He never go to school.

                  - It hasn't tail

                  - Do you have any drink ?

                  - There are not any student in the class.

Penggunaan Kata Do / Does dan Was / Were.

Do & Does

* Do

          Digunakan pada subjek I, You, We, They.

* Does

          Digunakan pada subjek He, She, It.

Was & Were

* Was

          Digunakan pada subjek I, He, She, It.

* Were

          Digunakan pada subjek They, You, We.

Penggunaan Kata Have dan Has

Have & Has

* Have 

          Digunakan pada subjek I, You, We, They.

          Ex: - I have a pen.

                 - You have a car.

                 - They have a skirt

                 - We have a ribbon.  

* Has

          Digunakan pada subjek He, She, It.

          Ex: - He has a book.

                 - She has a flower.

                 - It has a tail.

Penggunaan Kata To Be

TO  BE

Verb to be :

* is , Digunakan pada subjek He, She, It, Rani, Budi, a cat, the house.

Ex : - He is my teacher.

        - She is my mother.

         - Rani is a student.

         - Budi is a  boy.

         - A cat is sleeping.

         - The House is big.

* am , Digunakan pada Subjek I ( Saya/ Aku )

Ex : - I am a Doctor.

* are , Digunakam pada subjek They, You, We, Ani and Rano, The Cats, The Cars. 

 Ex : - You are studying.

         - We are singing.

         - They are dancing.

         - The Cats are running,

         - The Cars are moving.